Boise Cascade Company Price & Performance (BCC)

I will now turn the call over to Nate.

Thanks, Chris. Good morning, everyone. You for joining us for our earnings call today. I'm on Slide number three. I'll start by highlighting some of our accomplishments as I reflect on our 2024 results. We reported full year net income of $376,400,000 dollars or $9.57 per diluted share We grew our distribution business through our both both our organic and acquisition initiatives made progress on significant capital investments to support our EWP growth strategy and providing meaningful capital returns to our shareholders. I'm grateful to our associates as they've shown commitment to our values and steadfast support for our customers, suppliers and each other. Let me now turn to the fourth quarter results. Total U. S. Housing starts and single family housing starts decreased 6% compared to the prior year quarter. Our consolidated fourth quarter sales of $1,600,000,000 were down 5% from fourth quarter twenty twenty three. Our net income was $68,900,000 or $1.78 per share compared to net income of $97,500,000 or $2.44 per share in the year ago quarter. Our year ago quarter earnings per share were negatively impacted by approximately $0.18 per share from accelerated depreciation related to the Chapman, Alabama lumber facility closure and transaction expenses for the ProSco acquisition.

Kelly will now walk through our segment financial results give some early insights on first quarter then provide an update on our capital allocation in more detail after which I'll provide our outlook before we take your questions. Kelly?

Thank you, Nate. With product sales in the fourth quarter, including sales for our distribution segment, were $419,700,000 down 7% compared to fourth quarter twenty twenty three. Wood Products segment EBITDA was $56,600,000 compared to EBITDA of $92,700,000 reported in the year ago quarter. Decrease in segment EBITDA was due primarily to lower EWP and plywood sales BMD, our sales in the quarter were $1,400,000,000 down 4% from fourth quarter twenty twenty three. BMD reported segment EBITDA of $84,500,000 in the fourth quarter, compared to segment EBITDA of $80,600,000 in the prior year quarter. Despite the sales decline, a 60 basis point increase in gross margin percentage positioned BMD to deliver comparable year over year gross margin dollars. In addition, BMV's general administrative expenses decreased by $3,600,000 due primarily to acquisition related expenses in the prior year quarter for the acquisition Nebraska, Turning to Slide five. On a year over year basis, fourth quarter volumes for LVL increased an impressive 11% and iJOY volumes were down 2%. Both better than the 4% year over year decline in single family starts which we believe is a testament to the strength of our tightly aligned manufacturer and nationwide distribution capabilities. As expected, seasonal decline in construction activity drove lower volumes on a sequential basis with LVL and I joist volumes down 810% respectively.

But again for this comparative period, our volume changes were better than underlying activity in single family starts would imply. At current demand levels, competition for share is prevalent in the marketplace today and our sequential LVL pricing for LVL and I joists were down 21%. Turning to Slide six. Fourth quarter plywood sales volume was three seventy one million feet compared to three sixty three million feet in fourth quarter twenty twenty three.

The $350,000 per sales price in the fourth quarter was down 7% on a year over year basis. However, plywood net sales prices were up 5% sequentially. We experienced higher plywood pricing through the first half of the fourth quarter before expected seasonal decline set in. With December average price realizations of approximately $340,000 Moving to Slide seven and eight. BMD's year over year fourth quarter sales decline of 4% was driven by a 2% decrease in both sales price and volume. By product line, commodity sales decreased 4% general line product sales increased 1% and sales of EWP decreased 11%. As I alluded to earlier, BNB's fourth quarter gross margin percentage was 15.8%, up 60 basis In particular, our commodity inventory position coupled with strengthening commodity markets during the first half of fourth quarter provided tailwinds for our commodity margins. BMD's EBITDA margin was 5.9% for the quarter, up from the 5.4% reported in the year ago and up 30 basis points sequentially, very strong results in a seasonally slower quarter. I'm now on Slide nine. Weather has made for a difficult start to the quarter as we have had a couple of days of unplanned down across several of our manufacturing and distribution locations.

As we look forward to our expectations for the first quarter, EWP volumes are expected to increase modestly from fourth quarter levels EWP prices pricing is expected to reflect low single digit sequential declines. In Plywood, the significant modernization projects at our Oakdale facility are progressing well. As planned, that facility will be down for the entirety of the first quarter and is expected to operate near 50% of capacity in the second quarter. As a result, our Plywood volumes and cost absorption will be negatively impacted in the near term.

For the first quarter, we expect plywood volumes to decline mid to high single digits sequentially and that we will incur negative cost impacts of approximately $7,000,000 due to the Oakdale downtime. On plugwood pricing, quarter to date realizations are approximately 3% below fourth quarter averages. Regards to B and D sales, seasonal impacts are evident with our quarter to date daily sales pace about 8% below our fourth quarter daily sales averages. We'd expect activity to strengthen as we move towards the spring building season.

Now on Slide 10, we had capital expenditures of $230,000,000 in 2024 with $122,000,000 of spending in wood products and $108,000,000 of spending in BNB, Looking forward to 2025, we expect our capital spending to be between $220,000,000 and $240,000,000 This range includes additional spending on our multiyear investments in support of EWP production capabilities including adding I joist production at our Thorsby, Alabama EWP facility and the significant modernization projects at our Oakdale, Louisiana veneer and plywood mill. In BMD, we are making great progress on our greenfield Activity at the Walterboro, South Carolina greenfield has been slow but we expect to gain momentum there in the back half of twenty twenty five. Speaking to shareholder returns in 2024, we paid $220,000,000 in regular and special dividends which was comprised of $0.82 per share in regular quarterly dividends and $5 per share special dividend. Our Board of Directors also recently approved $0.21 per share quarterly dividend on our common stock, Shareholders of record as of February 24 will receive payment of this dividend on March 9, For the thirteen months ended January 2025, we have repurchased approximately 1,750,000.00 shares or 4.5% of our outstanding shares for approximately $225,000,000. Today, we have about 1,600,000.0 shares available for repurchase under our share repurchase program.

As our actions demonstrate, we continue to strive for a balanced approach to capital allocation that includes ongoing investments in our existing asset base organic growth projects and returns to our shareholders. Our balance sheet also gives us the flexibility to pursue M and A if opportunities have surfaced that align with our strategy. I will now turn it back over to Nate to share our business outlook and closing remarks. Current industry forecast for total U. S. Housing starts are around $1,350,000 for 2020 essentially flat with actual housing starts in 2024 as reported by the U. S. Census Bureau. Single family housing starts in 2024 outpaced 2023 levels by 7% and are expected to again be around $1,000,000 the $1,000,000 level despite the affordability challenges consumers are facing in the current rate environment. Multifamily starts declined sharply in 2024 are expected to continue to face headwinds in 2025 due to prohibitive capital costs for developers, combined with elevated levels multifamily unit completions in both 2023 and 2024. Home improvement spending, we expect 2025 to reflect modest growth as the age of U. S. Housing stock elevated levels of homeowner equity and some recent improvement in existing home sales will provide a favorable backdrop for repair and remodel spending.

Uncertainties around the macro economy and policy decisions from the new administration make it challenging to predict the near term demand environment, our constructive view on the medium and longer term housing fundamentals remains. Which affords us the ability to maintain a clear focus on our strategy, execution of our growth initiatives. Lastly, I would like to take the opportunity to congratulate Jeff Strom and Joe Barney on their recently announced promotions. Both our seasoned and accomplished leaders and look forward to their continued contributions in their new roles.

These changes were part of our intentional strategic succession planning process as we position the company for continued service, support to our shareholders our stakeholders in the future. Thank you for joining us on our call today and your continued interest in supporting Boise Cascade Josh, would you please open the phone lines?

Our first question comes from Curt Yinger with D. A. Davidson. You may proceed.

Great. Thanks and good morning everyone. I just wanted to start off on tariffs and we have pretty robust data on lumber and OSB and how important Canadian supply is there. But EWP is kind of a murkier picture. I guess, first off, could you maybe frame Canadian supply relative to U. S. Consumption, maybe where you run into some of those call it, secondary suppliers in the market how you're thinking about opportunities that could arise for Boise if we were to see some sort of tariff implementation? Kurt, it's Nate. Let me start that and Kelly and others can jump in. I think in terms of the tariff question, obviously, there's more unknowns than knowns. Relative to that. To your point, there's clarity in terms of how much volume is moving across. I think largely from an industry perspective, and for Boise Cascade from Canada into The U. S. And some of that is obviously around some of our commodities. But as you think about some of the other items that we bring across the border, whether it's web stock or other items, It's I think in terms of the impact we haven't we've done a lot of modeling and a lot of work, Curt, just to make sure we understand some of the actions and decisions we may need to take as a result of tariffs.

But there's nothing that we've kind of concluded at this stage in terms of kind of anything immediate that we'll be doing in the marketplace. At this point, the other thing that we're looking at is the demand environment in terms of the kind of the ripple effect on [indiscernible] Is a potential challenge with tariffs. So as we think about kind of the consequences of what could take place again, not just on the lumber items, but other items as well that's going to be something that we're watching carefully but we've done a lot of work just to make sure we're prepared to move forward should that tariff arrive. And again, there's a lot of discussion debate on when and if that's possible. Maybe with that, Kelly, anything you would add just in terms of how we're thinking about that and just maybe a backdrop on that? Yes, sure, Nate. So yes, good to hear you, Kurt. So yes, for us, you kind of think about it in our two segments. As you well know, our manufacturing substantially based in The U. S. And to Nate's point, we would have some cost pressure from OSB WebSockets that we do get from Canada.

But we are very well positioned there.

And so feel good about our ability to operate again Given that to Nate's point, there's a lot more unknowns than there are knowns in that space. And then in BMD, if there are tariffs and we do import a lot of commodity products from Canada, for example, If there were higher costs there, our intent would be to push those through. And maintain our normal margin percentage. So that's kind of how we we play the market every day. If you will. And so that would be our expectation. The broader concern is probably if it gets If the tariffs end up to Nate's point causing further affordability challenges, do we have demand destruction and that would be a bigger broader concern. Maybe just to kind of close that on that, Kurt. I think what do you think about some of the policy uncertainty that's out there and even the weather that Kelly described, it's just kind of the risk reward. There's a lot of hesitancy in the marketplace. And so I think we're seeing and experiencing that. I think for us, the good news is that we're seeing continued strength out of warehouse as people kind of mitigate and manage that risk reward.

So So our warehouse business remains steady, but you can certainly hear the influence of that policy risk and the conversations across the industry.

Right. Okay.

Now that's that's great color. I appreciate it. And then moving on to EWP pricing, it's been kind of this slide over the last two years and maybe some of that's ringing out some excess margin and now it seems like more supply and demand finding a balance. You talked about some of the competitive dynamics in terms of securing share.

I guess as we look out to 2025, thinking about maybe a flattish kind of housing starts environment, Do you feel like the market is pretty close to finding that equilibrium or are there any other big variables on the supply side that you're watching more closely?

Yes, Kurt, this is Kelly again.

I don't think on the supply side, I don't know that there's a lot of variables there. I mean, there's no new capacity coming online here in the near term. But I do think if we're single family environment. I think there will continue to be Competition for share. And so we've continued to see that in some modest price erosion. And if like that, we'd expect to see some erosion And then there could be some seasonally stronger periods where maybe it's a little less competitive at times. But there's no reason for us to believe we won't continue to see some level of erosion if demand kind of stays where it is. Hey, Curtis, maybe the other thing I would just add is when you think about EWP relative to other options, I think it still represents the right answer for the builder. In terms of the cycle time at the job site, the simplicity and relative to other options of a [indiscernible] I think again it's favorable in terms of what the builders looking and needing to get done and at the job site. And so we feel good about that being a continuing to be a kind of a tailwind for EWP moving forward.

Got it. And if I could just sneak one more in following up on that. I mean, mean, historically, I don't think you guys have ever viewed pricing on lumber as a huge driver of substitution between solid saw and I joist or open web floor trusses. If we were to see kind of more upward pressure there on the commodity pricing, is that something on the margin that you think could be a potential positive or is there not really any historical evidence that Yes. Generally, Curt, it's most of the builders generally stay kind of pretty true to the to the product that whether it's a dimensional lumber to your point, open web floor trusses or EWP, I think there's a fair bit of consistency there. But to your point, if they're at the margin, that probably if there's higher pressure on pricing on dimensional lumber as an example, That will probably create some discussion and some opportunities for [indiscernible] I think the builder, they'll continue to look at the affordability side of things. That's certainly first and foremost on their mind. And part of that affordability is not just materials, but also speed on the job site and simplicity at the job side as well.

Right.

Okay. Awesome. Thanks, Rick. Thank you. Our next question comes from Susan Maklari with Goldman Sachs. You may proceed.

Thank you. Good morning, everyone. Good morning and congrats to Jeff. Good day, gentlemen. I appreciate that.

Yes. I want to start by talking a bit about the operating environment. You mentioned the impact to weather that will come through in the first quarter. But can you also talk a bit about how we should think of the weather, the macro environment and what you're hearing as the builders are starting to get into the early parts of the selling season?

Yes. I think Sue, it's Nate. I think the builders There's the affordability remains probably first and foremost in the conversation. And so I think when you look at home prices, you look at cost of money that remains front and center and they've been some of the builders as you know have been active in terms of of buying down rates. So I think that's been an important part of we experienced as we closed 2024. And I think what the builders are describing in terms of 2025 think in terms of the kind of the medium to longer term, I think there's still a lot of optimism. And belief that we still are underbuilt as a country. And so that I think that narrative remains. If Morgan probably from the medium to longer term In the short term, again, I think there's some complexity and unknowns and part of that is certainly around the economy and what could be happening there, including things like tariffs that could drive that. But this that kind of maybe hesitancy is maybe more of the theme that we've heard here over the past couple of weeks. So I don't think that's for me, there's a lot of anxiety.

It's simply people are probably a little bit more measured at least in the short term So I think the homebuilders remain, I think, still optimistic about certainly the future. And I think in the near term, they're going to kind of manage it on a day by day basis to make sure that they're making the right choices and decisions for each of their stakeholders, including their shareholders.

Yes. Okay. That's helpful color. And then thinking about the environment and the fact that maybe there's some increasing competition on commodity EWP products, can you talk about the potential benefits and the more resilient nature of the general line part of the business and how that could perhaps be a relative offset in this kind of This is Jeff. The general line, it it continues to hold up very well. That being said, it is competitive out there. And as things slow down, people are looking for market share, it does get incredibly competitive and we're having to keep our eye on that rack where we need to Okay. That's helpful. And then I just want to sneak one more in, which is it was nice to see the buyback that came through in 2024. As you do think about your approach capital allocation for this year, can you talk a bit about shareholder returns and how you're thinking about buybacks versus perhaps the special dividend? Just any color there?

Yes, sure, Stu. So let me I guess, start maybe a little more broadly and then we can work our way to your capital allocation, as you've seen in the materials, we have a [indiscernible] for us a pretty heavy capital spending program. So that is going to be the main focus here is to make sure we execute on our capital spending. Objectives go get M and A if we find something that makes sense. Specific to shareholder returns, we're going I expect us to opportunistically stay in the market in buying shares on a more consistent basis. And then like you've seen recently, And then special dividend, that will be a conversation with the board, but I'd anticipate that'd be more later in the year, more like a third quarter event if we if the Board chooses to do that. And again, that could be also dependent upon what might we find in the M and A space and or do we seek out and find some additional organic growth opportunity?

Okay. Well, I got an answer from all three of you, which I appreciate. So good luck to everyone. We'll talk soon. [indiscernible] Thank you. Our next question comes from Mike Ruxan with Truist Securities. You may proceed.

Yes. Thanks very much, taking my questions and congrats on all the progress. Good morning. Yes, Kelly, as you noted BNB margin was strong in 4Q, certainly better than we expected. Despite some sales pace deterioration during the quarter, mix was also a little more unfavorable versus 3Q. So you help us understand then how you generated a higher sequential margin especially as margins are seasonally lower sequentially? Was any of that due to Nate's point on increasing warehouse sales? Just any color you could about the around the margin and how you're able to achieve that type of margin in 4Q?

Yes. There are several components in there and you hit on several of them, Mike.

The one is warehouse and again uncertainty in the marketplace and how that increases reliance from our customers on our inventory position. So that helped And then I would also say commodities had a decent little run kind of the first part in the first half of the fourth quarter.

And that really gave us some tailwinds that we were able to to capture in the fourth quarter.

Got it. So when you think about the transition from 4Q to 1Q in terms of EBITDA margin, How should we think about it because obviously you're guiding to a sales pace has deteriorated further in 1Q relative to 4Q. Obviously, you've decided to winter weather, there's uncertainty, I get all that. But are you able to maintain that level in 4Q or should we see some type of erosion because of the sales pace deterioration going into 4Q?

Yes. We will see erosion from fourth quarter for sure, Mike. I mean, given the 8% sales decline that we've seen so far in the first quarter compared to the fourth quarter And that coupled with No tailwinds in terms of across any product lines in terms price appreciation Yes, we will not We will not report that same level of EBITDA margin here in the first quarter. Got it. And then one last one.

For me. Can you help us understand what drove the growth in LVL? A very strong growth in 4Q, up 11%. Think single family started down 4% to 5%. Why did you gain share against your peers? Is that something that you expect to continue? Just help us frame what happened and how we should think about the go forward?

Yes. That's a great Segway for me to give a great shout out to the combined efforts of the Wood Products and BMD sales teams. Very active this year in getting out and selling our value proposition and we that's really showing up in our volumes. And like I alluded to in my comments, volumes better than what underlying single family starts would imply. And so really good execution and again that linkage between our manufacturing and distribution showed up really well. Yes. Thanks for the question, Mike. It's Nate. As you think about LVL, kind of the applications for that in terms of beams and headers, it's really it's a steady and probably growing application opportunity. So we talked in times about competitiveness on EWP specifically with iJoyce and Open Web floor trusses and dimensional lumber The complexity of designs and such continues to support beam and header use. So I think in terms of the backdrop on on the opportunity and how that shows up for that product category specifically, We feel good about what that represents and obviously that's consistent with how thought about continuing to invest and grow that part of our business from a production standpoint.

So [indiscernible] kind of calling that out. And again, we feel good about where we finished and really what's in front of us somewhat independent of the housing market.

Got it. Great, great color. Appreciate it and wishing you the best of luck there this year. [indiscernible] Our next question comes from George Staphos with Bank of America Securities. You may proceed. Hi, everyone. Good morning.

Thanks for the details. And congrats to Jeff and Joe. I guess my first question maybe I'll segue off of the discussion we were just having with Mike. So given the complexity of homes and the way that this is supporting greater demand for beam and header use, On the other hand, you talk about inflation affordability What can you talk to about whether size of home, conservation materials, how that might be impacting, if at all, demand for EWP as you're seeing it right now? Relatedly, Guys, I know it's hard parse this precisely, right? But are you seeing more of the price erosion coming from competition against other EWP, products in the market? Or is it coming from dimensional? Is it coming from trusses? How should we think about that?

Yes. So I'll start, George. So to answer your second question first, The price erosion is is related to competition for like EWP products. It's not from competing products like Like Dimension Lumber, as you referenced, is DWP. EWP. And then you're right, in terms of the Gee, how does the demand environment or how does the size of homes impact [indiscernible] yes, it will. If you have smaller homes, that will create less footage. Used in a home Not necessarily in terms of the applications or products that builders will use but if the footprint is smaller, the usage will be smaller. [indiscernible] Good morning. When you think about on the square footage, I think that's to me probably focuses more on the I joist kind of statement in terms of that kind of consumption and certainly beams and headers are part of that and wall framing again, when you look at the designs today, even though those footprints are getting a little bit smaller, complexity continues to grow in terms of the open spaces the expectations around that. So I think that backdrop and theme remains. And that's really supportive of the the beams and our LVL growth as a result.

So the other piece of it as you know is housing starts are really the consumption of EWP is really dependent on the geography basis. So consumption in Florida is different than Colorado. And so as you think about where did that housing start resides, that has influence in terms of what's expected as well. So but overall, I think the beam and header market is has a little more stability around it in part based upon some of the construction techniques that remain out there.

So Nate, I mean just to summarize it and look we're never going to hold you to this. We just want to understand what your seeing in terms of the market even with some of the headwinds on square footage and like your view holding everything else constant dangerous phrase there, is that you should see incrementally better demand for EWP because of those points on complexity of design and the related factors, would that be fair? Yes. I would say more on the kind of the beam and header side of things, George.

Opposed to the floor system. So I would say pretty separated separate those two product categories [indiscernible] a role in terms of again creating that simplicity and that speed at the job site and that's a [indiscernible] certainly is today. So I think that's that's going to be favorable relative to other options that are out there.

Thanks, Nate. Yes. Kelly, you called out Oakdale and I think it's kind of a $7,000,000 impact. In the quarter coming up. Is there any residual effect that we should build into the model? And then relatedly, you you and we appreciate it. You qualitatively called out, hey, it's a little bit tougher start to the 1Q from weather than would normally be the case for weather in the 1Q. Is there any sort of number you would sort of give us, hey, this has been the effect above and beyond a normal 1Q, anything that we could do to size our models. And really my last question, and again appreciate all the color, Kind of where's your inventory position right now? In BMD relative to where you'd like it to be?

Yes. Sure, George. So yes, I guess kind of on the Q1 indicators, I would point you towards the table there in terms of the volume and price expectations.

For Wood Products. And then for BMD, yes, the sales pace is really going to matter. That's very important. That will very much have an impact on how we close out the quarter. And we've had multiple locations with multiple down days, even several locations this week were down because of some very tough weather. So yes, it's created some challenges for us. That's we've been working that project for some time now. So as expected, that facility is is down and will be down for the entirety of this quarter. As we do that significant modernization project that we're excited to do. And again, that's a big important veneer supplier to Alexandria Louisiana EWP mill And so yes, we will lose some volume from that and certainly that will have give us some negative sequential cost impacts. But again, it was part of the plan and we're on schedule and then we'll see probably some of that continue into the second quarter because we'll be running at 50% -ish in the second quarter as we work towards completion of those projects by the end of the second quarter. And then I think inventory position, I'll send that one over to Mr.

Strom. Hey, George. It's Jeff. On our inventory position overall, I feel pretty good.

Right now, with all the uncertainty and lack of clarity out there, people are pulling more and more material out of a warehouse and talking to our dealers, years I've been doing this, I've never heard so much conversation from that level about net working capital days on hand. So there is a real reliance And so we're sitting there ready to serve every single day.

Okay.

No doubt. No doubt. Thank you, guys. I'll turn it over.

And good luck in the quarter.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Ketan Mamtora with BMO Capital. Markets. You may proceed.

Good morning and thanks for taking my question. Maybe to start with on the BNB side, you have the slide where you look at sort of the last five years EBITDA margins. Clearly, the operating environment in '24 and certainly looks like the start of this year is kind of tougher probably below normalized levels. Would you say given what you guys have done over the last few years in terms of the product mix that you can say that our top level margins in BMD are a little bit above 5%. Is that would that be sort of a fair characterization?

Yes. So our our expectation and our strategy with the investments we've made and with the product mix shifts that we've made is that BMD's margin is through a cycle is in the mid-5s. And we've demonstrated that.

And then and now we could have periods like for example here in the first quarter challenges on the top line, We may not hit 5% here in the first quarter, because of this pretty significant erosion here in the sales pace in the first quarter. But yes, over time, absolutely the strategy is we're mid fives.

Understood, got it. And then then curious as you look at sort of your M and A pipeline, is that some that would be sort of an area of interest as seller expectations moderate, either on the distribution side or on the wood product side. And then just related to that, are there any other product categories within distribution that you think would make sense for you guys?

Yes. So on the M and A front, Keaton, the short answer is yes. We would have interest if it aligns with our strategy. And I would say there's Probably more potential opportunity on the distribution side than there would be on the wood product side. And then as it relates to new product categories, and I think you were kind of focused towards the BMD side, I think, As we've talked before, we're very fortunate to be in line with a lot of really world class suppliers and and oftentimes they're continuing to add products to their SKU set and we get some natural growth organic growth opportunity from there. Hey, Keith, it's Nate. Maybe just to add to Kelly's comments is I think as we look at new opportunities, we always try to start the conversation with the customer. In market as to what do they need, what are they experiencing, where their [indiscernible] try to have the same conversation with the suppliers as as Kelly described. And in many cases, they're bringing out new products, new SKUs, which is is exciting. So I think it's a deliberate conversation we always look to have. And where customers ask us to step into a different opportunity, it needs to fit with our strategy and our our competencies, but that's been an important part of our growth story and I think we'll continue as we move forward.

Got it. That's very helpful. I'll jump back in the queue.

Thanks. Thank you.

Thank you. I would now like to turn the call back over to Nate Jorgensen for any closing remarks.

Great. Thank you. I appreciate everyone's time on the call today and interest in Boise Cascade and we'll look forward to getting caught up with this team here at the end of first quarter. So again, thank thank you and have a great day.

Thank you. This concludes the conference. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect. [indiscernible]