Merck & Co., Inc. Price & Performance (MRK)

Thank you very much, Heidi, and warm welcome to everyone joining us for this Q4 and full year twenty twenty four earnings call. My name is Florian Schreeder. I'm Head of Investor Relations at Merck. I am delighted to be joined by Belen Garricchio, Co CEO as well as Helena von Brule, Coo's CFO. For the Q and A part of the call, we will also have with us here in the room Matthias Heinzfeld, CEO of Life Science Peter Gunther, CEO of Healthcare and Craig Bachmann, CEO of Electromax. As you surely have noticed, we recently announced upcoming changes to the Executive Board. I'm pleased to share that both Jean Charles Beard, appointed CEO of Life Science as of June 1 as well as Danny Bazohar, appointed CEO of Health Care as of June 1 will join us later today for a brief introduction.

With this introduction, I believe we are ready to begin. Over to you, Belen, to kick us off. Thank you, Florian.

And welcome everybody to our full year 2024 earnings call.

I am starting on Slide number five of the presentation.

And my main message on the slide is very clear. We delivered on our guidance and our ambition to return to profitable growth in 2024.

Life Science return to organic growth [indiscernible] Healthcare continued to show strong organic performance and Electronics grew thanks to AI driven demand in semiconductor solutions. As we mentioned during our Q3 earnings call, we expected the group to trend in the lower half of the sales corridor and around the midpoint of the earnings corridors. And we have delivered on our expectations for net sales EBITDA free and EPS free both for the group and for the business sectors. Let's move to the highlights for the Q4 twenty twenty four on Slide number six. We had a very solid organic a very solid Q4 with organic sales growth of plus 4% for the book.

And we delivered strong profitable growth supported by all three sectors: Health care was once again the best performer with 7% organic sales growth.

Life Science confirmed return to growth in Q4 with plus two organic sales growth.

I am particularly pleased with the very strong order intake in Process Solution, with registered low teens growth sequentially in Q4 and even higher growth year on year. Electronics showed organic sales growth of 2% in Q4, driven once again by Semiconductor Solutions as the semi market for AI and advanced nodes continues to perform very well. Back to the group.

While sales increased by 4% or organically in Q4, EBITDA pre achieved very strong growth of plus 20% organically in the fourth quarter. Given our strong cash generation, we have improved Our net leverage despite having made significant investment in both CapEx and M and A during 2024.

As communicated in our press release this morning, we will propose a stable dividend of $2.2 per share to the annual general meeting on April 25. As a reminder, for the dividend, we aim for a target corridor of 20% to 25% of EPS pre and the proposed dividend of 2.2% is marginally above that corridor. As you also see on the slide, we are moving for the first time from guiding on a qualitative basis towards quantitative guidance already with our full year results and expect sales in a range of €21,500,000,000 to 22,900,000,000.0 and EBITDA per year in a range of 6,100,000,000.0 to 6,500,000,000.0. More details will follow on the guidance later on the presentation.

Let me now provide a more detailed review of 2024, starting with Life Science on Slide eight. The positive news is that we saw growth inflecting in the second half of the year both for Process Solutions and for Life Science as a whole. As we move past the period of customer destocking, [indiscernible] In fact, growth in Process Solutions inflected already in Q3 and kept growing in Q4. Non repeat COVID-nineteen related sales fell to negligible levels. And as a result, we saw the headwind in 2024 as sales declined by 3% organically. While sales in SLS Science and Lab Solutions were flat organically in 2024 Process Solutions declined by minus 6% because of the soft eightone 2024. [indiscernible] has gradually phased out, the EBITDA pre margin improved quarter on quarter throughout 2024 reaching 29.4% in Q4. Our focus in Life Science is clear. We aim to reaccelerate growth towards our mid-ten growth ambition in 2025. This is going to be driven by PS, Process Solutions, as we expect the recovery to continue in 2025. We have strong confidence in our midterm growth ambition driven by our innovative portfolio across our businesses and across various growth drivers in the industry.

Process Solutions continues to innovate monoclonal antibodies manufacturing with breakthrough products and technologies especially in the areas of intensification, perfusion, digital solutions and novel monoities. Through our own internal capabilities and at the same time continue to look at the external opportunities The acquisition of Mayros Bayo is an excellent example in this context. It is an important step for us towards completing our portfolio in process on complements our existing commercialized portfolio. Turning to Healthcare on Slide nine. Organically, our sales were up 7%.

Growth was driven by our oncology portfolio once again, with delivered organic growth of plus 13%, fueled by Erbitux and supported by [indiscernible] Pavencio also grew in 2024 despite growing competitive pressure. Our CM and E portfolio delivered strong 8% organic growth supported by contributions across all regions and all segments. Our N and I portfolio, neurology and immunology, showed plus 2% organic growth with a strong performance of Mavenclad growing by 12% organically, being offset by the expected decline of EBIT. Fertility sales increased 1% organically against very tough comps related to former competitor stock outs. We achieved a strong profitable growth in 2024. Our EBITDA margin our EBITDA pre margin increased by three eighty BPS to 35.4% mainly driven by revenue growth and temporarily lower R and D expenses coupled with a strict cost control. A strategic perspective, we have Merck confidence in our ability to drive long term growth through internal and external innovation, with around 50% of launches to be sourced external innovation. And as you have seen, we have a very resilient base to build on with our very well established franchises expected to be the backbone of the slight growth in the midterm. Moving on to Electronics on Slide number organically, sales grew by 5% in 2024.

This was mainly driven by semiconductor solutions which was up 8% organically as semi materials saw low teens growth fueled once again by AI related demand.

We have grown faster than MSI yet again.

MSI is less meaningful this year due to under shipping of oysters. Yet, our internal estimates show mid to high single digit growth in wafer starts which we outperformed, demonstrating this strength of our semiconductor materials portfolio. Display Solutions saw a sales decline of 3% organically at our growth areas in premium liquid crystals and OLED only partially offset the decline in general liquid crystals applications. The EBITDA pre margin was 25.6%, which represents an increase of plus 60 basis points compared with last year. This was mainly driven by revenue growth and supported by our 2024 efficiency program, Remember, EBITDA pre in 2023 was helped [indiscernible] We continue to see excellent mid to long term growth prospects of this business, having tech leadership in key high value materials.

On the short term basis, while we continue to see growth in demand for semi materials needed for AI and advanced nodes, the broader market still has to rebound. And with that, let me hand it over to Helena for a more detailed review of our financials. Thank you very much, Helena, and welcome also from my side. I'm now on Slide 12 and will start with an overview of our performance by business sector in Q4. Organic sales growth in the fourth quarter was 3.8%. Our key growth engine was Healthcare, while LifeSense and Electronics also contributed.

Life Science delivered organic sales growth of 1.9% which is largely driven by Process Solutions. 6.7% organic sales growth in Healthcare it was the largest contributor and oncology was the strongest franchise.

Electronics grew 2.2% organically as our semi business was up 5%. For the group, FX represented a headwind of minus 0.5% on sales, which was mainly seen in Healthcare. Together with the portfolio effect of plus 0.4% for the group in Q4, which was driven by the acquisitions of Myeras Bio and UnitySC sales increased by 3.7% in the fourth quarter.

Regarding earnings, EBITDA pre came in at €1,491,000,000 driven by very strong organic growth of 19.7%. Which is an increase of €198,000,000 on an absolute basis. Healthcare was a key contributor with an organic EBITDA pre increase of 34.2% or 106,000,000 on an absolute basis with Life Science and Electronics also contributing.

FX was a stronger headwind on EBITDA pre than on sales mainly due to negative FX effects from hedging as well as operationally across various currencies mainly in Healthcare. And with that, let's move on to the review by business sector. Starting with Life Science on Page 13. [indiscernible] Lifesize confirmed its return to organic growth in Q4.

Sales increased by 1.9% organically.

And Process Solutions was the main growth driver also showing a positive trajectory with sales up quarter on quarter. While Science and Lab Solutions sales increased organically comparing with the low base in the year earlier period, Life Science Services was down organically, but yet against a high base. So looking at Process Solutions first, sales were up 4.1% organically. Order intake showed very and increased by a low teens percentage rate quarter on quarter. And book to bill is now above one. At 2.7%, Science and Lab Solutions achieved organic sales growth in Q4. Excluding the SAP migration effect, which impacted the business by a low to mid double digit euro million amount in Q4 of last year, Science and Lab Solutions would have shown a flat performance organically. The overall spending environment remained soft.

Regarding margins, EBITDA pre increased by 6% organically in Q4, well above organic sales growth. The key driver here was an increase in the gross margin against a low base.

And with that, I'm now moving on to Slide 14 for an overview of the performance of the Healthcare business sector. Healthcare showed strong organic sales growth and was up 6.7% in Q4. For the franchise, there were two portfolios with the strongest growth again. Oncology, with 14% organic growth and CMNE was an 8% organic growth. Our NNI franchise achieved organic growth of plus 3%. And that was driven by a very strong Mavenclad performance of 18% organic reaching record sales in Q4.

Oncology is mainly driven by Erbitux. Which showed a stellar performance of plus 22% again organically in Q4, driven by growth in all major regions.

Benzia was up slightly in Q4 with an organic performance of plus 1%. Similar to the previous quarters, we delivered double digit except North America, where competitive pressures led to an organic decline.

Turning to our 8% organic growth in Q4, supported by all therapeutic areas.

Let's look at the pipeline. In NNI, we now have all the data from the WILO study of Enpateron. Both for CLE and SLE cohorts. Even though this SLE part did not meet the primary endpoint, the previous success of the CLE con award and the performance of certain predefined populations in the S cohort make us optimistic about the potential for further development. Regarding Opanaxelit, which we have been informed by our partner about negative top line data from the ongoing Phase II trial.

Meaning we will not exercise The U. S. Option.

Accordingly, we expect an around €15,000,000 which is €15,000,000 impairment in Q1 twenty twenty five. On EBITDA pre, we showed a very strong six forty basis points margin improvement in Q4.

Now that was driven by, on one hand, by the decline in R and D expenses both absolute terms and as a percentage of sales And on the other hand, by strong sales growth amid amid strict cost control. Overall, EBITDA pre amounted to $731,000,000 in Q4, and that was up 34.2% organically.

Now on Slide 15 for Electronics. Sales increased organically by plus 2.3% in Q4. Semiconductor solutions set up sales were up 5.3% organically, driven by low teens growth in Semiconductor Materials. We are seeing strong demand for differentiated materials driven by trends in AI, [indiscernible] in Asia centric mature nodes, while the wider market has not yet recovered. The DS and S business declined year on year in the fourth As anticipated, as projects have been pushed at least to 25.

Sales in Display Solutions decreased by 6% organically as the decline in liquid crystals was faster than contributions from growth areas. EBITDA pre amounted to €242,000,000 resulting in a margin of 24.8% which represents an increase of 300 basis points compared with the year earlier period. Which had the lowest EBITDA pre margin last year. This is mainly due to higher volumes driving the gross margin compared with the year earlier period.

Therefore, EBITDA pre increased organically by 14.9 And with that, let's turn to a more detailed review of our group figures for the full year 2024 which you will find on Slide 16. On a reported basis, group net sales increased by 0.8% to €21,160,000,000 EBITDA pre was up 3.3% to €6,070,000,000 and EPS pre increased by 1.6% to €8.63 per share. The group EBITDA pre margin came in at 28.7%, which is an increase of 70 basis points versus EPS pre grew slower than EBITDA pre in 2024.

That was mainly due to higher regular DNA and impairments not adjusted for mainly in healthcare. Operating cash flow increased meaningfully by 21.2% to €4,590,000,000 up from €3,780,000,000 of last year. Overall, we were able to further reduce our net debt by more than €300,000,000 in '24 to €7,160,000,000 and that is despite acquisitions of Myerus Bio and UnitySC which we closed in 2014. So let me also briefly comment on our reported results. And with that, I'm now on Slide 17. EBIT was up 1% year on year. That was below the increase in EBITDA pre, mainly due to the high level of D and A, in turn mainly driven by the €140,000,000 asset impairment we took on Savina plant in Q2 this year. The financial result improved by €17,000,000 and that is mainly due to a better interest result in turn driven by lower interest expenses.

The effective tax rate came in at 21.2% in the bottom half of our guidance range, of 21% to 23%. Please be aware that there are potential potential changes to tax regulations being discussed on both sides of the Atlantic. The implications of these changes are not yet clear. Turning to EPS. Reported EPS came in at €6.39 and 23 We're just in 2024, which is a decline of 1.5% year on year amid a higher tax rate compared to the full year of 2023.

Now let's quickly turn to our cash flow statement which you find on Slide 18.

Operating cash flow came in strong at €4,586,000,000 and was up by $8.00 €2,000,000 compared with the full year of 2023, while profit after tax was down by $48,000,000 The increase in operating cash flow was mainly driven by number one, compared to last year, an improvement in other assets and liabilities which is in turn mainly due to lower bonus payouts and taxes. Number two, higher D and A versus last year. Which is mainly due to higher impairments in Healthcare, as well as higher regular D and A directly resulting from an elevated CapEx spend over the past couple of years. And number three, a favorable change in other operating assets and liability versus last year. A year which contained a number of non recurring items. The investing cash flow increased to €3,050,000,000 up from €1,890,000,000 mainly due to higher cash outs for the announced acquisitions while the financing cash flow improved in '24 compared with last year. So before handing back to Berlin, let me also briefly comment on our balance sheet.

Which is on Slide 19. Our balance sheet expanded by around €3,100,000,000 compared with the December '23. On the asset side, Cash and cash equivalents increased to €2,500,000,000 from €2,000,000,000 at the December '23.

Inventories and receivables decreased by around €100,000,000 each.

Property plant and equipment increased driven by investments. Intangible assets increased due to FX and our acquisitions.

And lastly, other assets increased mainly due to the reclassification of surface solutions which is now classified as an asset held for sale. On the liability side, financial debt increased by around €400,000,000 due to net new borrowings, namely the €800,000,000 hybrid bond which we issued in Q3 of 'twenty four.

Pension provisions were down due to interest rate changes and net equity increased thanks to growth in profit after tax and currency translation differences. As a result, our equity ratio strengthened further from 55% at the year end of 2023 to 58% at year end of 'twenty four. And with that, let me hand back to Belen for the guidance.

Thank you, Selene. I am before the guidance, I am on Slide 21. To show our progress in sustainability for the year 2024. We are doing this for the first time fully applying the European Sustainability Reporting Standards. As you see on the slide, Merck is on a path to achieving [indiscernible] The amount of people treated with our healthcare products continued And we just recently announced the treatment of the first preschool age child with our new formulation [indiscernible] cystosomeasis, meaning that for the first time, Medic medication is available for all ages. In addition, we have made good progress in sustainable patents, supplier management, and on a scope one and two emissions since 2020, we have been able to nearly our emissions. And the key reason is the successful rollout of the NF3 abatement technology, which led to a significant reduction in process emissions. We therefore remain confident to achieve our 50% reduction target well ahead of 02/1930. Going on to the guidance on Slide 23. We feel very confident to provide quantitative targets for net sales and EBITDA pre with our 2024 results today. As usual, we will provide quantitative targets on EPS free as part of our Q1 reporting in May.

In that context, we forecast group revenues in a range of $21.5 to $22,900,000,000 and EBITDA pre in a range of €6,100,000,000 to 6,600,000,000.0 This is based on organic sales growth [indiscernible] plus 3% to 6%. We aim to show profitable underlying growth and forecast the group EBITDA pre to grow in a range between 38% organically. While for sales, we expect an FX effect of between minus 1% and plus 2%, we anticipate the currency effect on EBITDA pre between minus two and plus one. Moving into Slide 24 for some additional details on the sectors. We have as you see, moved to a quantitative guidance for our three business sectors. For Life Science, we anticipate an organic sales growth between plus 2% and plus 7% For organic EBITDA pre, we guide to a corridor between plus 2% to 9% thereby expecting Life Science to return to a profitable growth path path in 2025. We anticipate the growth of life science to be mostly driven by Process Solutions where we have seen order intake and sales having sequentially improved throughout 2024. We also expect a more normal seasonal sales pattern for Life Science overall.

Moving to Healthcare, we guide revenue growth between plus 1% and plus 5%. We forecast profitable organic growth and guide EBITDA pre to grow organically between 39%. For electronics, we anticipate an organic sales development between plus 2% and plus 6% and an organic EBITDA pre development between 39%. We forecast the trend to AI and advanced nodes to continue to drive our growth in electronics particularly in semiconductor materials, while the general market inflection is yet to come with the timing challenging to predict and this is reflected in our guidance. Please note as well that our electronic electronics guidance still includes surface solutions. However, we are on track to close the transaction in the second half of this year. And with this, let me thank you for your attention. And Florian, over to you to lead us through the Q and A. You, Berlin. With that, we are now ready for the Q and A part of the call with Valen Garricchio, Salen and Van Ruudde Matthias Feinsold Iber Grunder and Vyevacmann.

We kindly ask all participants to limit her or himself Heidi, we are now ready to take the first question, please.

Thank you. We will now begin our question and answer session. If you are using speaker equipment today, for the first question.

Your first question comes from the line of Matthew Weston from UBS. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

Thank you very much and thanks for taking my questions. So the first is on, I guess, geopolitics, I suppose, in Life Science. Matthias, can you walk us through NIH funding exposure for the business and whether you'd like pressure And also given the focus from the Trump administration on tariffs, you give us some help on, I guess, geographic location of the supply chain How much of The U. S. Do you supply from The U. S? And is there any way you can change that? And then the second question is for Peter on Pharma. We've seen the first true biosimilar Erbitux approved in China Can you tell us how much Erbitux China is of total? And should we assume that EBITDAX can't grow in 2025.

Yes. Hey, Matthew, it's Matthias. Let me start with your first two questions. The first one around NH. Reserves in a very important question these days. So just to size it, right? So within SLS, that segment within Life Science, the segment which will be impacted by NIH is roughly 5%, 5% of total life science and roughly around 10% of total FLS. Just to size it. And obviously, we need to see now how that unfolds. Obviously, if they are potential cuts coming, that could have an impact. If you look at the history, there was not always the strongest correlation But apart from that, the question is always also what does it mean for potential buying behaviors of customers in that field, right, universities. So I think it's a little bit too early to tell, but just to size it, ballpark, it has an impact if it comes and how much it comes, but it's around 5% of total life science. Your second question on the tariffs, look, if I look back back the last few, four years, our strategy was clearly to go within region, four region model, right, going away from big centers, supplying the whole world.

And we have done that, obviously, in parallel as the COVID situation developed. So we have a very strong footprint in U. S. We have more than more than 20 plants. We have a strong footprint in Europe. We have a high share in Region 4 region. Both in Process Solutions as well as in Life Science. Not 100%. It can't be 100%, but we feel we are very well covered. We have some options to move obviously production around. Obviously, we have single use in The U. S. If it's in Europe, it depends a bit also on the customer demand. But I think from a supply chain perspective, we have now much better global and regionally diversified footprint. [indiscernible] Biosimilars China. So first of all, Erbitux of course, yes, China is an important growth driver, but actually the brand is very dynamic across the world. Second, China is given a 25% of total Erbitux sales. And then what is important to mention is you mentioned biosimilars in China. That's actually not totally accurate because the products that have come to the market actually the first one in June and the second one recently now in January are actually non comparable by a lot [indiscernible] classify them as biosimilar and that has of course relatively important implications in terms of lack of substitution, NRDL listing, VBP, etcetera, etcetera.

So we do continue to see growth for Erbitux overall on in twenty twenty five. We do not just remind you that you need four biosimilars to get into VBP. So we are pretty far away from that.

Hope this helps you.

Thank you.

Thank you.

We will take our next question Your question comes from the line of Richard Vosser from JPMorgan. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

Hi. Thanks for taking my questions. Two, please. One on business development.

Obviously, given the context of the interest in swing disclosed interest in SpringWorks, could you remind us about how you're thinking about allocating the €15,000,000,000 of firepower you have and what you're looking in healthcare to accelerate the growth of the business? Second question, Life Sciences. Just thinking about the very good order number in the fourth quarter. And I was wondering if you could talk about your expectations on how the orders you think will develop for Process Solutions through the first half of twenty twenty five, through the whole of 2025, if you can, should we think about continued sequential improvements and book to bills above one?

Thanks very much.

Thank you, Richel.

Start with your first question. And as you know, we evaluate inorganic growth opportunities to ensure that they do align with the sector strategies, but most importantly with the groups. Overall strategy. Let me make it very clear our priority remains executing on life science M and A. And accordingly, it should come as no surprise that our plan remains to allocate substantial percentage of our capital and our M and A firepower, which is precisely your questions to the Life Science sector. In Health Care, our inorganic growth strategy [indiscernible] focusing on accelerating external innovation primarily through later stage in licensing And that said, we have also mentioned the possibility of a smaller M and A in health healthcare limited, and this is very important, limited to clear cut low risk deals that create value from early on. Overall, I want to make this very, very clear for everybody. And reassure all of you that we will remain extremely disciplined in executing our M and A agenda on the basis that I have described. And as we have always done, For all the rest, let me take this opportunity to ask you to finally focus on the ad hoc message that we launched a few weeks ago since since we will not be able to provide any additional information on this topic.

During the call. [indiscernible] Science and then your order intake question. Indeed, we feel very good about our Q4 momentum, by the way, which we've been building over the prior quarters, right? But certainly, to be continued in Q4 with very strong sequential order intake growth The book to bill, which all of you ask quite often about, now solidly above one. So we expect, if you will, this momentum, the order intake momentum to continue because that will drive our sales office fleet. Now to your specific question [indiscernible] But let's start with Q1 this year throughout the year. I would expect the sequential growth of order intake Now how much every quarter to be seen, right? There's certainly some some fluctuation, but the momentum should continue. Now Q4 to Q1, just to keep that all in mind, there's there's also a bit of seasonality. I mean, certain customers are placing orders to achieve their buying kind of volume. So Q4, Q1, I would look at a little bit differently. But then certainly, Q1 throughout the year very good continued momentum. I feel very good about that. And then the book to bill is a as you know, is a ratio out of that.

It's a bit harder to predict because obviously stronger the sales, even if you have good order intake, ratio can come down. But long story short, I think the takeaway for you and all the colleagues on the the call, we feel very good about the order intake and the momentum.

Thank you.

We will take our next question The question comes from the line of James Quigley from Goldman Sachs. Great. Thanks for taking my questions. This is James Kruger from Goldman Sachs.

I've got two, please. So one on Life Sciences guidance range. So it's reasonably wide.

As all the ranges are. But at the low end, what are you assuming here as we think about the subdivisions? It seems like peers in bioprocessing are landing around the 5% to 8% range there or thereabouts. Firstly, is this what you're assuming? And the second and assuming that the LSS is in line with the midterm guidance, this is just that SLS will be negative at the bottom range. So what are the scenarios for this potential decline in SLS and the bottom end of the range in Life Sciences?

Second of all, on Life Science margins, could you give us an idea of the potential drag from new investments and plants that are coming online? There any other impacts like this in the 2024 numbers? To think about as we think about the growth year on year? I'm just trying to get a sense of what the clean underlying margin progression could be on a year on year basis within the Life Sciences division?

Thank you. Hey, James. Good to have you on the line. Sure. I'll address your questions. On the first one, let me unpack it a little bit in terms of what are the key drivers. Some of them are known and of course there's a few new ones. But hopefully, I'll appreciate now that we're already in this time of the year, give you absolute numbers. And indeed initially the range is a little bit broader, but I think we you can rest assured as we get more clarity, we will narrow the range. But I think so let me unpack it. So number one, key driver is obviously the speed of the recovery. As I said before, we are very confident about the recovery. And the better it goes, obviously, the more we go to the upper end of that range. China is the second one. So obviously, we have a certain assumption for the midpoint. But since you're asking towards the lower end, obviously, if this recovery takes longer, gets more hiccups, that could certainly be a further headwind. And China is to a large extent impacting SLS. To a lesser extent, I would say also PS. The third one is R and D spending.

We talked about that in prior quarters, less spending levels with pharma companies. Again impacting for the most part FLS. If that doesn't pick up, right, or is prolonged a little bit more muted, that could have a a drag and then moves more to the lower end. So those three, I think, have we've talked about before. The new one is obviously what your colleague asked before the NIH funding. We need to see how that unfolds depending on that of course, that could then also gravitate a little bit to the lower end. And then we also talked about the tariffs. I think these are the the main drivers and obviously, we are taking actions to mitigate those. But if they are unfolding, they could really become a force towards below the midpoint. On the margin, look, on a high level, again, if you apply the midpoint of the ranges, we expect margin expansion, right? Midpoint sales, 4.5. Midpoint EBITDA 5.5. So it provides a margin progression. That's our goal, obviously, also for the following years.

In 2025, we have two if you will, elements to consider. One is, like you mentioned, the additional CapEx projects going live. I'll give you one example actually here in Damsk that will go live with our membrane line, right? It's a sizable investment which is important, right, given what we talked before about geopolitics having a a more regionally diversified supply chain. This is good strategically. But obviously as you start it up, you don't fit it up right away with 100% It has some start up costs, which we need to reflect in the margin. And the other one, and that's again by design, it has been my big driver we need to increase R and D spend gradually. Year by year. So again, consider that as an investment into the future but that has short term also some year over year impact on the margin. But rest assured, we and by the way, the margin is clean, right? There's no major if you will, onetime effects also on kind of making the margin opaque. The goal is to have margin accretion and navigate obviously all those drivers to get as high as possible. Great.

Thank you very much. And best of luck to both you and Peter in the next chat, James, appreciate it.

Thank you.

Will take our next question And the question comes from the line of Sachin Jain from Bank of America. Please go ahead.

Hi, there. Thanks for taking my questions. Two please. So firstly, just back on M And A, Berlin. If you could just remind us or Helena of your valuation criteria, so ROIC versus WACC and timelines. And timelines for EPS accretion, the deal that you put in Ad hoc out on would have been dilutive short term. So if you just remind us of your time lines for EPS accretion given commentary of Healthcare value early on I think with your phraseology bill and And then secondly, related could you just remind us of your pharma R and D spend expectations? You've talked about 1H being lower than 2H and trending back to the 20s. If you did BD, if the deal that you do in healthcare is more commercial versus pipeline, would R and D spend stay in the mid teens? And then I might just squeeze one in. Florin, you mentioned that new divisional CEOs were on the I just wondered if they had any introductory comments. Hi, Sashi and Luke.

I already mentioned and comment extensively on the on the strategic frame guiding our inorganic decisions and what are the priorities So nothing to add from my side. I think that on the financial that rails that we have and that we have definitely kept impact over the years. I will ask Helena to provide further details on those. Yes. So Sachin, I think you know them by heart.

But let's go back into it. I mean, it's like, yes, indeed, we look at accretion IRR above work. We look at financial stability in terms of our ratings. We look at EPS accretion And overall, of course, the most important one is like strategic sense. So I think that's all to be said. Everything intact, everything is the same. And I think with that, I would move over to Peter.

Yes, Sachin. Thanks for your question on R and D phasing. So what you should expect is a progressive sequential increase both in absolute and relative numbers. During the year. Actually, this is driven by more activity, for example, in the ADC space and the DDI space, but also the full link coming up to speed of the CloudMG trial. And this is actually a good sign of the progress that we are making in the pipeline.

Of course, the NTCK5 is is very exciting in this respect. Obviously, the pace of acceleration in especially in the second half of the year will be partly dependent on success of external BD and also to which extent this external BD is clinical development heavy or not. [indiscernible] third point, please allow us to close the Q and A before we have the intro comments from Jan Charles. And Danny who will join us later on.

Thank you.

Thank you.

Thank you.

We will take our next question And the question comes from the line of Emily Field from Barclays. Please go ahead. Your line is open. Hi, thank you. I'll just have two. The first one, you mentioned that, platinum use is stabilizing in The U. S. And bladder cancer. So I was just curious, if you are also expecting stable sales for Bavencio in The U. S. In '25 over '24 or just how you're expecting that to develop specifically in The U. S? And then, I know obviously the NIH point has been discussed many times on the call, but you did mention that the academic markets were already soft in Q4. So I was just wondering if you could confirm Within Life Sciences, the share of academic and government and regardless of NIH cuts, how are you seeing those end markets for 25 over '24? Thank you.

Yes. So Emily, thanks for your question on Bavencio. West, but I also should give you a bit more color on BioNTech Global. So the first point is, and that's important, that we see really the platinum use stabilizing in The U. S. But of course, there is a certain inertia between what you see in internal sales and that leading indicator, which is platinum use, which is then followed by Lavencio. But we would not see the stabilization of sales of Lavencio.

On the other parts of the world, we see that in those countries where you have early access in Europe, for example, where I'm thinking about Germany or France with an early access program. We see, of course, also the platinum share going down a little bit similar to what we have seen in The U. S. And then progressively as PARTSEV gets reimbursed in other European countries, we should expect the same trend in other European countries. Once reimbursement kicks in. So we've actually we're quite in line with our modeling And we have seen, of course, also that the EU whereas it, continued to grow last year with the plus 8%. We have seen that growth slowing down. Recently. So from an 2025 outlook perspective, we should expect a more challenging Europe amid rising competition also in this region for pituitar fabs. M and A, it's Matthias on your Life Science question. Indeed, we have talked in the prior quarter about a temporary more muted market environment in the lab space in North America. We have factored or have factored that into our view for '25. And the NIH cut, which has been discussed over the last few weeks, would be kind of a secondary or a second driver on top.

Having said all that, our expectation is that SLS globally will grow. Obviously, we need to see then especially how the NIH funding develop the cards, etcetera. But we have been expecting that the muted lab market development would ease out to our 25 Thank you.

Thank you.

We will take our next question The next question comes from the line of Sean Hammer from Jefferies. Please go ahead. Your line is open. Hi there. Just two, please.

So I know you said that sort of semi conduct market general market inflection is yet to come with timing difficult to predict. But can you just maybe give us some color on the indicators on the broader semi recovery in 2025? And albeit still quite far away, how are you thinking of 2026 given it's likely a down year on the semi cycle? And to what extent is there an offset from display solutions? Thank you.

Thank you, Ed. Kai speaking, taking the electronic question. So how do we see 2025 develop? '4 from PI advanced nodes will continue into 2025. Specifically on the backdrop of our customers adding capacity, unlocking bottlenecks in advanced packaging and transitioning to more advanced nodes. We have heard the announcement of HEN2 or AT and A A from our customers that as of capacity and technology opportunity for high value materials.

The wider market, automotive, industrial, is still on a comparably low level in most countries.

As well as I think the major market for semiconductor devices being in smartphones and in end user computing they're still waiting for the replacement cycle from the COVID work from home.

Procurement boom that we had a few years ago. So another dimension for end user compute will be AI chips, so called edge AI.

That will help, of course, to have more penetration of high end chipsets in in computer. So this will be starting more towards the second half of the year. And well into 2026. So we the current view on 2026 is rather positive. Since that replacement cycle will definitely spend across twenty twenty five second half twenty twenty six, full year. And the data center side of the business will not be much lower going forward since the projections of the new node introductions will go well into 2026 as well.

We don't guide, of course, on 2026. This is just a very qualitative outlook on what in 2026 could happen from an industry perspective.

Thank you.

Thank you.

We will take our next question Your next question comes from the line of Florent Espides from Bernstein. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

Good afternoon. Thank you very much for taking my questions. Two quick ones, please. First of all, on Tacopaul, following the let's say the announcement and the headline results you announced, could you share with us why you are confident to move forward with this with this product and if you could give us a little bit more color on the different dimensions, that would be great. That's my first question.

And second question on fertility, as we start to see the competition, coming back, some color on this environment would be great as thank you very much.

Yes, Florent. Thanks. So two questions for me, I guess. So first on nPATTRAN. If you So what we have already disclosed, of course, is a POC and actually a pretty strong POC in CLE. On SLE, there is indeed a near miss on the primary endpoint, but we see like in many lupus trials high placebo response and high variability. The good news is that we see clear responses in predefined subpopulations. So we can really say that the drug clearly hits the target. Couple of subpopulations, but this is by no means exhaustive. But for example, patients with skin manifestations within the Lupus cluster, patients with a strong interferon gene signature or also patients with high storage use at baseline. Overall, we also have confirmation that the drug is extremely well tolerated. And if you take step back and you go, for example, back to the Castanello development, which is the AZ drug in Lubos, They had actually a very similar situation in Phase two and made it in Phase three by the right adaptations and by smart development. So yes, definitely we have some work to do. We are confident that the data were on further development of the drug.

On the fertility, so you just have to remember that in Health-one last year, we still had high growth rates because the competitor out of stock returned only gradually during this period.

So consequently, now that the out of stock is resolved, we will be still looking at relatively high comps for H1 this year and come into the new steady state, if you will, as of Q3, where we are really confident to get back to mid single digit growth Perhaps one more point, if you look at Gonalaf, on you should look at the fertility cluster in general in total because we have a very dynamic and positive situation with pelgoveryx.

Thank you very much, Peter.

Thank you. We will take our next question And the question comes from the line of Dylan Van Hatten from Stifel. Please go ahead. Your line is Excellent.

Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my question. So just firstly, I'm sorry, another tariff question. So just if we think about tariffs and kind of think about it as a shock, we know what sort of COVID did to the system and we know that stock levels are generally pretty low and there wasn't a ton of order flushing in the fourth quarter either. See a dynamic of sort of restocking emerge and maybe some historical context here is interesting. We know that the end market is not overly fond of big shocks to the system or or also of potentially paying tariffs even though I know that in most CDMO contracts it's reflected. But any thoughts here would be super helpful. And then I've got a follow-up.

Dylan, let me take this question because I I understand is this for the group? I guess this is going to be this is a group wide question or are you more specifically targeting life science?

More life sciences bioprocessing, but I guess broader thoughts would be very welcome as well.

Okay. So let me comment for the group. Very briefly and then I will hand it over to Matthias. First of all, look, It's not that we haven't heard from this before. Right? And this has been President of The U. S. Has been quite booked during the electoral campaign that this could be one of the options. DASH, The U. S. Is not only a key market but is our largest business hub globally. We have our Biggest percentage of our workforce is in The U. S. We have 72 sites in more than 20 states. And a significant investment both in R and D and manufacturing. To say that we are local company in The U. S. And as Matthias mentioned, before, we have localized over the years our supply chain in anticipation of potential trade barriers and potential tariffs. In relation to these the initial wave of tariffs that are already in place. So Mexico, Canada Merck China are Not impacting Ash, And obviously, as we better understand the potential scenarios, we are putting in place mitigation plans across the group. To cover supply in The U. S. And to stay to meet customer and patient demand in The U. S. That's basically our position today.

And with this, we believe that it is still premature to speculate [indiscernible] type of tariffs can come to other regions. We are virtually with waiting. I can tell you. I'm preparing.

So it's one additional Berlin And Bill, just on your question. Yes, look, we are well positioned from a network standpoint. I think we talked about that multiple times. The other point is obviously staying close to customers to understand if they are considering movement. But maybe just one recent example, we had one small small example actually and obviously it's public right in India where there were tariffs applied not in PS, but in SLS. A specific portfolio. It was last year And like you said, that created a little disruption than people including us tried to reshuffle their supply chains and then a few weeks better, it was kind of removed the point is I think we need to also make sure that we're not overreacting right, because that could create a lot of disruption.

And then to your final point, I think, look, we are ready, right?

We are ready to take also additional upside, right, should it Merck. Because we talked about before, right, if the trajectory of PS is even stronger, of course, we need to be ready to supply. So we are ready. We're engaging with customers. So far, we have not seen a major kind of reshuffling But like I said, I mean, I think many customers are running now scenarios and we're in close dialogue with them, but we are certainly prepared.

Awesome. Thank you for that answer. That was super comprehensive. And then just one for Kai. So just you spend a ton of time in life science informa, but know that in the second half, there was at least some recomping on projects activity last year, which was a little bit less favorable. And we've seen a lot of projects getting announced. Could you maybe just give us an idea of what the project business is going to look like for next year? And I know there's typically high visibility there, but just any color there would be super useful.

Thank you. As you remember, from 2023, we came for a real record year with multiple parallel projects. That were very strong that kind of gave us then of course, the toughest start in 2024, which again was the second highest highest year on project and equipment for our company. And just moderately below 2023. So that was the timing, the phasing in the different quarters. That has maybe given a picture of more variability. The second half was lower than the first half as it comes to projects. And in addition, we have learned from some of our customers that they have phased out on or phased some of their CapEx projects into 2025 and even some of them into 2026. So this impacts us in the current year. We see some variability over the year. We see some some delays on projects. But all in all, still 2025 will be on a on a high level in terms of projects and equipment. Similar to 2024 and 2023, maybe slightly below 2024, if we would take that more precisely. So that phasing, of course, is not fully in our hands. There's nothing we can influence We just depend on the customer project timing.

Thank you.

We will take our next question The question comes from the line of Oliver Metzger from ODDO BHF. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

Yes. Good afternoon. Thanks a lot for taking my questions. Two on Life Science.

Please. The first one on order intake. So can you first describe the dynamics between consumables and equip [indiscernible] take to convert these orders into revenues?

Second question is at LSS.

So with testing business seems to be pretty intact, but is the appears to me that over last quarters, the volatility at the CDMO business was more skewed towards the negative side. So can you comment about any forms of meaningful customer losses during this time or would you describe it still as a normal volatility given the scale of the business? Thank you. Yes. Oliver, thank you. Good questions. So on the first one, again, just to frame it, we are 90% a consumer business. Less than 5% or so is equipment from a pure sales perspective. But on order intake, indeed, we have seen strong order intake overall but that applies to both obviously, renewable and equipment. Having said that, equipment has sometimes a little bit more volatility because you have certain larger purchases. It's less, if you will, diversified. But the key message is momentum has been building on both consumable equipment over the last quarters. On LFS, you're right. We have two parts of the business. The testing business very strong overall throughout last year, call it like a mid single digit a little bit above that kind of trend line. Fluctuates also a little bit.

We have some exposure to biotech funding. Or if certain customers have a really blockbuster running extremely well. So there's also a little bit of fluctuation But overall, we feel good about the trend.

CDMO, indeed that business given its focus on the more novel modalities, right, whereby definition you work with a fewer number of customers, where you work with early stage customers, we are depending more on on their success. There has not been a significant customer loss, right? Some customers may have some cash limitations, right? Then they streamline their programs. We see the impact. The one thing I would like to mention, although I didn't want to talk too much about COVID anymore, if you look at that business versus Q4 twenty twenty three, that still had quite some COVID revenue because we had some last time buy, if you will, in Q4 twenty twenty three that is, if you will, distorting a little bit year over year comparison and makes it even a little more negative. But in a nutshell, CTS on a good growth trend very stable CDMO, long term perspective, yes absolutely clear value proposition but short term still a bit more volatility depending on customers' own program progression through the pipeline.

Okay, great. Thank you and all the best for your future.

Thank you.

Thank you.

We will take our next question The next question comes from the line of Rajesh Kumar from HSBC. Please go ahead. Your line is open. Rajesh Kumar, your line is open. Thank you.

Hi. Sorry. This is Flora Topercarkas from HSBC on behalf of Rajesh Kumar.

So I've got a question on your capital allocation priority. Is your capital allocation priority still more skewed to life sciences or is it gradually moving more towards you. Thank you for your question.

I will reiterate what I said before, our M and A strategy and capital allocation has not changed. And accordingly, I want to emphasize that our plan remains to allocate a substantial percentage of our capital and our M and A [indiscernible] As we have people times mentioned Healthcare, inorganically, we are focusing on accelerating a [indiscernible] by my release through later stage in licensing, and this is obviously aiming to increase the optionality of our pipeline. We have mentioned the possibility of a smaller inorganic moves in healthcare, though this is going to be absolutely limited to clear cut low risk deals that will create value for from very early on. So let rest assured that we will fully comply with this and stay extremely disciplined when executing our M and A agenda.

Hi, this is Florian. We would have time for one more question, please.

Thank you.

We will take our final question And your final question comes from the line of Simon Baker from Redburn Atlantic. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

Thank you for squeezing me in.

I just wanted to really come back to something that's been discussed before, but asking slightly different way. We talked about the evolution of orders in Life Science. So just want to if you could just give us some idea of how that is going to translate into into revenue growth throughout the year. Should we, given the performance in Q4, are we expecting to see much back end weighting 2025? Any color you can give on the evolution by quarter would be handy. And also the same question for Electronics. How should we given where we are in the cycle, think about the second half, first half weighting of growth within electronics? Thanks so much.

Great. Simon, very good. Thank you, because I think I missed one part Oliver's questions I can cover here. It was about how the orders translate into revenue. So ballpark, you can think about that the bulk of the orders will turn into revenue within six months. That's a key metrics we're looking at. I call it quality of order intake, meaning which portion turns into revenue in three months, three to six months and so on, But this trend is also going in the right direction. It's a very important metric. And kind of ballpark the majority turn into revenue within six months, which is a good trend. Simon, let me take the electronics question. So coming from last year, where we had quite a very nice picture of quarter on quarter growth where we in the beginning of the year said second half clearly stronger than the first half, but we don't underestimate we had quarter on quarter growth trajectory over all four quarters last year. And this momentum, specifically in the materials sector, specifically in the area of materials for advanced nodes that momentum will continue as we now start into no transitions. You will engage all around technology using molybdenum as new material using more sustainable photoresist materials.

So that will be kind of a continuous development apart from major inflection points in the wider market. Such as what I explained earlier on end user compute, and mobile phone replacement. So this is independent of that. This is why we believe there's a gradual development for materials step by step quarter on quarter underneath plus of course, the market inflection point, the most good towards the second half of twenty twenty five.

Will give us additional support for growth in the second half.

Okay.

So thanks, Florian, and thanks everyone for your continued interest in Merck. We are getting to the to the end of the call and therefore, I would like to just leave key take home message with all of you before I introduce our newly appointed members of the executive board. And that message is very clear. We have delivered on our commitment in 2024, returning to profitable growth, and we stay very highly confident on accelerating our profitable growth in 2025. And now, of course, as we continue to execute on our strategy and for sustainable value maximization. And now before closing the call, it's my great pleasure to welcome two of our three newly appointed members of our Executive Board, Gentiles Bert, who will serve as CEO of Life Science starting in June and Dani Basohar, who will take on the role of CEO of Healthcare as of June as well. So I will now hand it over to both of them for a few introductory remarks. And I would like to ask Jean Charles to begin.

Jean Charles?

Yes. Thank you, Belen.

And hello to everyone on today's call. First, I want to express my sincere gratitude for the warm and supportive messages I received over the past few days.

It truly means a lot to me. [indiscernible] thank you to Matthias for his partnership over the last four years and commitment to ensure a smooth transition.

So let me introduce myself. I am George Solviatt, I have been in the company nearly twenty years. Throughout my career, I led values, finance and business leaderships role, [indiscernible] Key milestone includes serving as a Life Science sector CFO, integrating Seamoldrich and leading the Applied Solutions business unit from 2017 to 2021, and most recently, I led the Science and Lab Solutions business unit. With his background, I'm excited to step into the role of Larsen's CEO LabScience is a remarkable business with outstanding capabilities and extended portfolio of vast global footprint and amazing professional roles.

So I move into this responsibility to lead Life Science with both optimism and excitement. Markus and I continue to meet regularly and have begun engaging with my new executive colleagues on critical priorities. I am incredibly excited to collaborate with our team across businesses and functions. And let me close by saying that I look forward to meeting and interacting with many, many of you the near future.

With that, I would like to hand over to Danny. Over to you, Danny.

Thank you. Thank you so much, JC, and hello, everyone, from my side. Let me just start by expressing also quite a lot of gratitude to the Merck family for the trust that they place in me to Peter for his leadership and vision that have strengthened our healthcare business for sure and to our teams around the globe for for the huge impact that we have on so many patients. Some of you know me from past interactions I'm sure, but for those who don't, I joined Merck Healthcare at the end of twenty twenty as Global Head of Development. And have served as Global Head of R and D and CMO since 2022.

Trained physician by education and bring two decades of leadership experience in pharma having worked previously at Novartis, at Teva, and also Venture Capital firm, Syncona.

I'm truly excited to take on this new role and would like to share three important messages with you today. [indiscernible] having closely worked with Peter together, you can expect nothing short of I would say, a smooth transition and very reasonable degree of continuity. Second, putting [indiscernible] what I would define as a solid track to mid single digit growth in is a top of mind for me. And for this, we will need to replenish the pipeline both advancing it internally and from external sources, as we say, Third, our established franchises will continue providing a resilient backbone and overall will remain very disciplined on cost to allow more high quality shots on go for the pipeline, for the growth. So I very much look forward to our And with that, I'll hand it back to Milan.

Okay. Thank you, Yanchal. Thank you, Dani. And with this, I want to once again everybody for their participation and look forward to our interactions during the roadshows. Goodbye.

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your attendance. This call has been concluded. You may disconnect.