The enchanting tale of Alice's adventures originated during a boat trip on July 4, 1862, when Lewis Carroll (pen name of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) regaled Alice Liddell and her sisters with the story while rowing up the Thames12. Captivated by the narrative, young Alice implored Carroll to commit it to paper, leading to the initial manuscript titled "Alice's Adventures Underground"3. This early version was later expanded and refined, ultimately evolving into the beloved classic we know today. Carroll's imaginative storytelling, combined with his mathematical background and penchant for wordplay, laid the foundation for a work that would challenge the conventions of Victorian children's literature and captivate readers for generations to come4.

The narrative follows Alice's journey through a fantastical realm where she encounters a cast of eccentric characters and experiences surreal events. After falling down a rabbit hole, Alice undergoes numerous size changes by consuming mysterious potions and peculiar cakes.12 The story features memorable characters such as the White Rabbit, the Cheshire Cat, the Mad Hatter, the March Hare, and the tyrannical Queen of Hearts.3 Alice's adventures include participating in a never-ending tea party, playing croquet with flamingos as mallets and hedgehogs as balls, and witnessing a bizarre trial over stolen tarts.34 Throughout her journey, Alice grapples with nonsensical situations and absurd logic, challenging her understanding of the world and herself.

Carroll's masterpiece is renowned for its playful language, clever wordplay, and satirical commentary on Victorian society.1 The novel's dreamlike landscape serves as a backdrop for peculiar events that challenge conventional logic, such as a croquet game using flamingos as mallets and hedgehogs as balls. The story's nonsensical elements, including the never-ending tea party and the trial over stolen tarts, contribute to its enduring charm and appeal.2 These whimsical features, combined with Carroll's mathematical background, create a narrative that engages readers of all ages while subtly critiquing the rigid social norms of the era.

Marking a significant departure from traditional Victorian children's literature, which typically focused on moral lessons, "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" initially puzzled critics but quickly gained popularity1. By the end of the 19th century, it had become one of the most beloved children's books in England2. The novel's success led to a sequel, "Through the Looking-Glass," published in 18713. Carroll's innovative approach to children's fiction, characterized by its imaginative storytelling and lack of overt moralizing, has had a lasting impact on literature. The book's enduring popularity has resulted in numerous adaptations across various media, cementing its place as a timeless classic that continues to captivate readers of all ages.