Multiple choice questions (MCQs) form a significant part of medical school assessments due to their efficiency and objectivity. They allow for quick scoring, broad testing of knowledge, and preparation for board exams like the USMLE12. Well-designed MCQs can evaluate higher-order thinking skills, simulating patient evaluation scenarios and developing critical decision-making abilities3. However, some educators argue for a more diverse approach to assessment, recognizing that MCQs alone may not fully capture all aspects of medical competency3. Despite this debate, MCQs remain a cornerstone of medical education, with students often encountering them throughout their preclinical and clinical years45.

Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) and practical exams are crucial components of medical school assessment, designed to evaluate students' clinical skills and practical knowledge. OSCEs typically consist of multiple stations where students perform tasks such as taking patient histories, conducting physical examinations, or demonstrating procedural skills1. These exams simulate real-world clinical scenarios, allowing for assessment of communication, problem-solving, and hands-on abilities. Practical exams may include anatomy practicals with slide or specimen identification, as well as lab-based assessments for subjects like histology or microbiology2. These hands-on evaluations ensure that students can apply theoretical knowledge in practical settings, preparing them for the realities of medical practice.

Essays and short answer questions provide opportunities for students to demonstrate in-depth understanding and analytical skills. Some medical schools incorporate written components into their assessments, allowing for more nuanced evaluation of complex medical concepts1. Portfolios are another assessment tool used by some institutions, enabling students to compile evidence of their learning and reflect on their progress over time2. This ongoing assessment method helps evaluate professional development and allows students to showcase their growth throughout their medical education journey.

Medical schools often incorporate research components to develop students' critical thinking and investigative skills. These may include completing projects or writing dissertations, allowing students to delve deeper into specific areas of medical science. Additionally, direct observation of procedural skills is used to assess competency in essential medical procedures. Students are observed performing tasks like taking blood or inserting catheters, ensuring they can safely and effectively carry out these critical clinical skills12. This hands-on approach complements theoretical knowledge and prepares students for the practical aspects of medical practice.