BPA, a chemical widely used in plastic products, is known for its endocrine-disrupting properties. It can interfere with hormone function, particularly during fetal development, potentially affecting the developing brain and other critical systems12. This interference is especially concerning for male fetuses, as BPA has been shown to suppress the aromatase enzyme, which is crucial for converting testosterone to estrogen in the brain3. The disruption of this delicate hormonal balance during prenatal development may contribute to the increased risk of autism-like behaviors and brain abnormalities observed in animal studies23.

Several key studies have illuminated the potential link between prenatal BPA exposure and autism. The Odense Child Cohort Study found higher odds of ASD-related scores above the 75th percentile at age 5 in children whose mothers had higher BPA exposure during pregnancy1. The Barwon Infant Study, conducted in Australia, demonstrated a correlation between higher prenatal BPA levels and increased ASD symptoms at age 2, as well as confirmed diagnoses at age 92. Additionally, research from the Columbia Centre for Children's Health and Environment in the USA supported these findings, strengthening the evidence for this association across different populations3.

The suppression of aromatase by BPA plays a crucial role in the potential link between prenatal exposure and autism risk. Aromatase, encoded by the CYP19A1 gene, is responsible for converting androgens to estrogens in the brain, a process particularly important for male fetal neurodevelopment1. Research has shown that BPA can silence this key enzyme, leading to imbalances in neurohormones that may contribute to ASD-related behaviors and brain abnormalities2.

• Higher prenatal BPA levels were associated with increased cord blood methylation across the CYP19A1 brain promoter I.f region1

• In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated BPA's suppression of aromatase expression1

• Male mice exposed to mid-gestation BPA or with aromatase knockout exhibited ASD-like behaviors and structural brain changes1

• 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10HDA), an estrogenic fatty acid, showed potential in alleviating these features and reversing detrimental neurodevelopmental gene expression in animal studies13

To minimize BPA exposure, especially during pregnancy, experts recommend several practical steps. Choose BPA-free products and avoid microwaving polycarbonate plastic food containers, as high temperatures can cause degradation1. Opt for glass, porcelain, or stainless steel containers, particularly for hot food or liquids1. Reduce consumption of canned foods, as BPA is often used in can linings1. Additionally, be aware that BPA can enter the body through various routes, including ingestion from food packaging, inhalation of home renovation fumes, and absorption through the skin from cosmetics2. While it's challenging to completely avoid BPA due to its widespread presence, these measures can help reduce overall exposure and potential risks.