Brains Memory Glue Discovered
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Recent research has unveiled two crucial mechanisms behind long-term memory storage in the human brain. Scientists have identified specific neurons in the hippocampus that act as "glue" for episodic memories, while another study has revealed the role of the KIBRA protein as a molecular adhesive that helps maintain memories for decades.
Neurons as Memory Glue
scientificamerican.c...
Researchers from the University of Glasgow and collaborating institutions have identified specialized neurons in the hippocampus that play a crucial role in storing and recalling episodic memories. These "Episode Specific Neurons" increase their firing rates during memory formation and retrieval, effectively binding together the various elements of an episodic memory
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. This discovery provides insights into how the brain maintains coherent memories over time and could lead to the development of neuroprosthetic devices to assist individuals with memory impairments, such as those suffering from Alzheimer's disease or dementia1
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KIBRA Protein's Role
KIBRA, a protein expressed in the kidney and brain, has been identified as a key player in the long-term retention of memories. This protein acts as a molecular "glue" by:
- Selectively positioning itself in activated synapses during memory formation12
- Attracting and binding to PKMzeta, an enzyme known to strengthen synapses12
- Maintaining the strength of specific synapses over time, even as molecular components are constantly replaced13
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The discovery of KIBRA's role provides a compelling explanation for the paradox of stable long-term memories in the face of constant molecular flux, offering new insights into the biological underpinnings of memory.5
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PKMzeta and Synapse Stability
eurekalert.org
PKMzeta, an enzyme crucial for memory formation, works in tandem with KIBRA to maintain synaptic strength over time. This enzyme, which typically degrades after a few days, is continuously produced by neurons and attracted to KIBRA-tagged synapses
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. The KIBRA-PKMzeta interaction creates a self-perpetuating cycle, where newly synthesized PKMzeta is guided to specific synapses, ensuring the persistence of memories2
. This mechanism explains how memories can endure for years despite the constant turnover of synaptic proteins, providing a molecular basis for the stability of long-term memories.2 sources
Implications for Memory Disorders
The discovery of the KIBRA-PKMzeta interaction has significant implications for understanding and potentially treating memory-related disorders. Researchers have demonstrated that:
- Disrupting the KIBRA-PKMzeta bond can erase old memories1
- Increasing PKMzeta in the brain can enhance weak or faded memories by acting at KIBRA-tagged synapses12
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By harnessing the power of the KIBRA-PKMzeta interaction, scientists hope to devise strategies to combat memory loss and enhance memory function in affected individuals.2
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Related
How can stimulating Episode Specific Neurons improve memory recall in Alzheimer's patients
What are the potential therapeutic applications of Episode Specific Neurons
How do Episode Specific Neurons differ from other neurons in the hippocampus
Can neural prosthetics targeting Episode Specific Neurons be developed for dementia treatment
What are the next steps in researching Episode Specific Neurons
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