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How to Fix a Water Heater That's Not Heating
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jenengevik
3 min read
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A malfunctioning water heater can disrupt daily routines, leaving households without hot water for essential tasks. Common causes for a hot water heater not heating include faulty heating elements, sediment buildup, or a tripped circuit breaker, with many issues potentially resolvable through simple troubleshooting steps.

Step #1: Check Power Supply

When troubleshooting a hot water heater that's not heating, the first step is to check the power supply. This table outlines the key actions to take for both electric and gas water heaters:
Water Heater TypeStep 1 Actions
ElectricCheck circuit breaker, ensure unit is plugged in, verify wiring connections
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GasInspect pilot light, relight if necessary following manufacturer instructions
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For electric heaters, if the circuit breaker has tripped, reset it. If it continues to trip, there may be a more serious electrical issue requiring professional attention.
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For gas heaters, if you smell gas, leave the house immediately and contact your gas company.
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If these initial checks don't resolve the issue, proceed to inspect the thermostat settings and heating elements as outlined in the subsequent troubleshooting steps.
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Step #2: Inspect Thermostat Settings

When troubleshooting a hot water heater that's not heating, checking the thermostat settings and heating elements is a crucial step. This table outlines the key actions to take for both electric and gas water heaters:
Water Heater TypeStep 2 Actions
ElectricInspect thermostat settings, examine heating elements for damage
GasCheck thermostat settings, assess gas valve functionality
For electric heaters, ensure the thermostat is set between 120-140°F (49-60°C) and inspect the heating elements for signs of damage or corrosion.
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If the thermostat settings appear correct but issues persist, the heating element may need replacement. For gas heaters, verify the thermostat settings and assess the gas valve for proper operation.
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If problems continue after these checks, consider pressing the reset button on electric heaters or relighting the pilot light on gas heaters, following manufacturer instructions carefully.
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Step #3: Flush the Tank

Step 3 in troubleshooting a hot water heater that's not heating typically involves addressing sediment buildup and checking the heating elements. Here are the key actions to take:
  • Flush the tank to remove sediment buildup:
    • Turn off the heater and allow it to cool
    • Connect a hose to the drain valve at the bottom of the tank
    • Open the valve and let several gallons of water drain out
    • Continue flushing until the water runs clear
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  • For electric water heaters:
    • Check the heating elements for damage or corrosion
    • Test the elements for continuity using a multimeter
    • Replace faulty elements if necessary
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  • For gas water heaters:
    • Inspect the burner for proper flame color (should be blue)
    • Clean the burner if the flame is yellow, indicating insufficient air
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  • Check the anode rod:
    • Locate the rod's access point on top of the tank
    • Remove and inspect the rod for significant corrosion
    • Replace if less than half an inch thick
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Regular maintenance, including flushing the tank and replacing the anode rod when needed, can help prevent sediment buildup and extend the life of your water heater
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Step #4: Test the T&P Valve

Test the T&P valve by lifting and releasing it; water should discharge, indicating proper functioning
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If no water discharges or it leaks constantly, the valve may need replacement. Examine the area around the water heater, connections, and pipes for any visible leaks, as these can affect performance and potentially cause more serious damage if left unaddressed
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If you've completed all these steps and are still experiencing issues, it may be time to consult a professional plumber, especially if dealing with gas water heaters or complex electrical problems
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Guides for Repair (Videos)

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Closing Thoughts and Reminders

Regular maintenance and prompt attention to issues can significantly extend the life of your water heater and ensure a consistent hot water supply. Whether you're dealing with lukewarm water, a complete lack of hot water, or tinted water, understanding common water heater problems is crucial. From checking the water temperature and pressure relief valve to inspecting the gas control valve or electric water heater components, these troubleshooting steps can help resolve many issues. However, for more complex problems like water heater leaks, tank failures, or issues with the cold water inlet or gas inlet valve, professional water heater repair may be necessary. Remember that different types of water heaters, including tankless models, may require specific maintenance approaches. Always prioritize safety when dealing with hot water tanks, especially regarding water pressure and potential water damage. If you're experiencing persistent issues with your hot water faucets or overall hot water demands, it may be time to consider upgrading your water heating system
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