Operation Sindoor represented India's comprehensive military response to the April 22, 2025 Pahalgam terrorist attack that killed 25 Indian citizens and one Nepali civilian in Kashmir.12 The operation, executed at 1:44 AM IST on May 7, 2025, involved all three branches of India's armed forces targeting nine terrorist sites across Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.3 The strikes specifically hit terrorist infrastructure in Muzaffarabad, Kotley, Gulpur, Bimbear, Seial Court, Muridke, and Bahawalpur—carefully avoiding civilian areas and military installations while focusing on bases of terrorist organizations like Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed.34

The Indian government characterized Operation Sindoor as "focused, measured and non-escalatory," emphasizing its restraint in target selection and execution methods.2 Prior to the operation, India had already implemented several retaliatory measures, including expelling Pakistani nationals, suspending the Indus Waters Treaty, closing airspace to Pakistani flights, and exchanging fire across the Line of Control.5 The strategic significance of this operation lies in establishing what officials called a "new normal" in India-Pakistan relations—demonstrating that neither the LoC nor nuclear threats could shield Pakistan from consequences of cross-border terrorism.6 India's National Security Adviser Ajit Doval briefed key allies including the United States, Russia, Saudi Arabia, the UK, and the UAE about the operation, securing diplomatic understanding for India's position.3

The seven all-party delegations represent a strategic balance of political representation, with four leaders from the ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA) and three from the opposition INDIA bloc.1 Leading these delegations are senior parliamentarians: Shashi Tharoor (Congress), Ravi Shankar Prasad (BJP), Baijayant Panda (BJP), Supriya Sule (NCP-SP), Kanimozhi Karunanidhi (DMK), Shrikant Eknath Shinde (Shiv Sena), and Sanjay Kumar Jha (JDU).23 Each delegation has been carefully composed to include representatives across party lines, with specific attention to including minority and women lawmakers to present a unified national voice.

The delegations will undergo briefings by Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri in two phases—May 20 for teams led by Shinde, Kanimozhi, and Jha, and May 23 for those led by Sule, Panda, Prasad, and Tharoor.4 Each team will be accompanied by a diplomat and liaison officer as they visit their assigned countries.5 The destinations were strategically selected to include 15 current UNSC members, 5 upcoming UNSC members, and 5 other influential nations.2 Notable itineraries include Tharoor's team visiting the US, Panama, Guyana, Brazil, and Colombia; Prasad's delegation covering the UK, France, Germany, Italy, and Denmark; and Kanimozhi's group traveling to Russia, Spain, Greece, Slovenia, and Latvia.56

In the immediate aftermath of Operation Sindoor, India's Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) conducted comprehensive briefings for both permanent and non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) on May 7, 2025.12 These diplomatic engagements notably included the Chinese Ambassador to India, Xu Feihong, signaling India's commitment to transparent communication with all global powers regardless of bilateral tensions.1 The briefings served as a strategic platform for India to present evidence justifying its military response to the Pahalgam attack, with Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri emphasizing the "extreme barbarity" of the terror attack that claimed 26 lives, including one Nepali national.3

During these sessions, MEA officials presented detailed intelligence on the terrorist infrastructure targeted during the operation, including video evidence of the destruction of terror camps such as Muridke, where 2008 Mumbai attack perpetrators David Headley and Ajmal Kasab had received training.1 The diplomatic outreach was carefully timed to preempt Pakistan's narrative at the international level, with India framing Operation Sindoor as a measured implementation of the UNSC's own April 25 press statement that had called for holding the "perpetrators, organisers, financiers and sponsors" of the Pahalgam attack accountable.3 This engagement strategy received varied international responses, with the United States taking a cautious stance as General Ronald Clark of US Army Pacific Command noted it was "too early to opine" while they continued "watching the situation very closely."4