Ocean acidification, a lesser-known but equally devastating consequence of climate change, poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems worldwide. According to a groundbreaking study published in *Environmental Research Letters*, an international team of scientists has developed a comprehensive framework to help governments evaluate their preparedness and guide future policies to mitigate this silent killer.

The concept of planetary boundaries, introduced in 2009 by a team of scientists led by Johan Rockström, defines nine critical environmental thresholds that humanity should not exceed to maintain a stable and habitable Earth system. As reported by the Stockholm Resilience Centre, a 2023 update reveals that six of these nine boundaries have now been crossed, signaling significant risks to global ecosystem stability and the resilience of our planet.

Pangaea Ultima, a future supercontinent predicted to form in approximately 250 million years, could dramatically reshape Earth's climate and potentially trigger a mass extinction event for mammals. According to a study published in Nature Geoscience, this new landmass might create extreme temperatures and inhospitable conditions across much of its surface, leaving only a small fraction habitable for mammalian life.

A massive fissure in southeastern Africa, linked to the East African Rift System, has sparked scientific speculation about the gradual formation of Earth's sixth ocean, as tectonic activity slowly splits the African continent into two, potentially creating a new marine environment and transforming regional geography over millions of years.