The JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) examined 263 galaxies, revealing a striking imbalance in their rotational directions. Approximately 66% of these early galaxies rotate clockwise, while only 33% rotate counterclockwise, contradicting the expected 50/50 random distribution12. This significant disparity is so pronounced that it can be observed without specialized knowledge, visible to the naked eye in JWST images1. Professor Lior Shamir from Kansas State University, who led the research, noted that this unexpected pattern could have profound implications for our understanding of the universe's structure and evolution34.

Black hole cosmology, also known as "Schwarzschild cosmology," proposes that our observable universe exists within a black hole situated in a larger universe1. This theory, initially proposed by physicist Raj Kumar Pathria and mathematician I. J. Good, suggests that the event horizon of a black hole serves as the boundary of our visible universe1.

Key aspects of black hole cosmology include:

• Every black hole in our cosmos could potentially be a portal to a separate "baby universe"1

• The collapse of matter into a black hole may lead to a bounce and expansion, similar to the Big Bang2

• This model could explain cosmic observations without requiring assumptions like inflation, dark matter, or dark energy2

• The theory aligns with the recent JWST findings of a preferred direction in early galaxy rotation, which challenges conventional cosmological models34

While still controversial, black hole cosmology offers an intriguing alternative framework for understanding the origin and structure of our universe, potentially resolving long-standing cosmological puzzles2.

The Earth's Motion Effect Hypothesis offers an alternative explanation for the observed galaxy rotation patterns in the JWST data. This theory suggests that our planet's movement through space could create an observational bias, potentially accounting for the unexpected distribution of galaxy rotations. Key aspects of this hypothesis include:

• The Earth's motion relative to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) may influence our perception of distant galaxies1

• This effect could create an apparent preferred direction in galaxy rotation, explaining the 66% clockwise rotation observed by JWST1

• The hypothesis aligns with the location of the JADES survey field, which is in close proximity to the Galactic pole1

• If correct, this explanation could help resolve cosmological puzzles without requiring fundamental changes to existing models1

The Earth's Motion Effect Hypothesis highlights the importance of considering observational biases in interpreting astronomical data. While it offers a potential explanation for the JWST findings, further research and observations are needed to confirm or refute this theory12.

The unexpected galaxy rotation pattern observed by JWST challenges current cosmological models and could lead to significant revisions in our understanding of the universe. If the black hole cosmology theory is correct, it would require a fundamental rethinking of cosmic origins and structure1. Alternatively, if Earth's motion creates an observational bias, it could potentially resolve long-standing cosmological puzzles, including:

• The Ho tension, which refers to discrepancies in the expansion rates of the universe

• The existence of galaxies that appear older than the universe itself based on current measurements23

These findings highlight the potential of JWST to revolutionize our understanding of the early universe and cosmic evolution, prompting scientists to reconsider established theories and explore new paradigms in cosmology45.