The cornerstone of any news article is answering the fundamental questions: Who is involved? What happened? Where did it occur? When did it take place? Why did it happen? And how did it unfold? These essential elements, known as the "5 W's and H," provide readers with a comprehensive overview of the event or subject12. By addressing these key points early in the article, journalists ensure that readers quickly grasp the core details of the story, allowing them to decide whether to continue reading for more in-depth information3.

Understanding the significance and impact of a news event is crucial for readers to grasp its relevance. Articles should explain why the news matters and how it affects individuals, communities, or broader society. This information helps readers contextualize the event's importance and potential consequences. For instance, a story about a new environmental policy might outline its projected effects on air quality, public health, and local industries1. By providing clear insights into the event's ramifications, journalists enable readers to assess its relevance to their own lives and make informed decisions.

Providing context and background information is essential for readers to fully grasp the significance of a news story. Articles should explain the events or circumstances that led up to the current situation, offering a historical perspective when relevant. This may include previous related incidents, long-standing issues, or societal trends that contribute to the current news event. By understanding the broader context, readers can better interpret the implications of the story and its potential long-term effects12. Additionally, background information helps readers who may be unfamiliar with the topic to quickly catch up and engage with the current developments.

Presenting diverse viewpoints and credible sources is crucial for balanced reporting. Articles should include statements from various stakeholders, experts, and officials to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject1. Readers expect to see conflicting opinions, if they exist, to form their own conclusions. Credible sources, such as government agencies, academic institutions, or recognized experts in the field, lend authority to the information presented2. By incorporating multiple perspectives and reliable sources, journalists enable readers to evaluate the story critically and gain a more nuanced understanding of complex issues.